🎢 Conservation of Energy
📖 The Physics
Energy is never created or destroyed — it only changes form. As the ball rolls down, its gravitational potential energy (PE, the energy of height) turns into kinetic energy (KE, the energy of motion). At the bottom PE is smallest and the ball is fastest; climbing the far side turns KE back into PE.
The two bars always add up to the same total — that constant total is the whole idea of conservation of energy.
PE = m·g·h KE = ½·m·v²
Total energy PE + KE = constant ⟹ v_bottom = √(2·g·h)
Notice the top speed depends only on the height, not the mass. This is the idea behind a roller-coaster or a ball in a bowl.
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